Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, 15 Xh-1) was purchased fromYingkou OPV Tech. N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.9%),chlorobenzene (CB, 99.9%) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.7%)were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. TiO2 paste, CsI (99.9%), PbBr2(99.9%), MABr (99.5%), FAI (99.5%), and PbI2 (99.9%) were purchasedfrom Xi’an Polymer Light Technology Corp New Energy.Carbon nanotube (CN, particle size, 5–15 nm) was purchased fromNanjing Xianfeng Nano Material Technology Company. Acetyleneblack (AB, particle size, 30–40 nm) was purchased from Denka.Nanocarbon (NC, particle size, 40–50 nm) was purchased fromChuangying Metal Materials Co. Ltd. Graphene (GN, particle size,3–5 lm) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) TradingCo. Ltd.
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