views digital innovations as something more than their digital bits: technologies drive transformations that go deeper into the public organizations and their relationships with the public. For instance: ⎯ In his article published in 2015, Janowski23 suggested that Digital Government evolves through the stages of Digitization (Technology in Government), Transformation ( Electronic Government), Engagement (Electronic Governance) and Contextualization (Policy-Driven Electronic Governance). Each stage can be explained by pressures on government and how digital innovation is applied to address such pressures. The highest stage denotes the case of policy-driven electronic governance, in which technology affects sectors and communities and leads to transformation which is both internal and external as well as context-specific. ...
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