For decades, plastic products have brought great convenience to ourdaily life but are accompanied by serious environmental pollution problems (Derraik, 2002; Fendall and Sewell, 2009; Thompson et al., 2009; Yamada-Onodera et al., 2001). After degradation in the terrestrial and marine environment, plastic items eventually break down into millionsof small plastic particles (Cozar et al., 2014; Fendall and Sewell, 2009),and those with a size of b5 mm are defined as microplastics (Moore,2008). Billions of microplastics have been found in the oceans, riversand lakes and even in inaccessible locations such as the Arctic and theSouthern Ocean (Browne et al., 2011; Dekiff et al., 2014; Derraik,2002; Eriksen et al., 2013; Isobe et al., 2017; Lusher et al., 2015b; Suet al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2015). As reported by previous research,microplastics can transfer pollutants and pose a potential risk to aquaticorganisms, seabirds, turtles and mammals (Browne et al., 2013; DiBeneditto and Ramos, 2014; Endo et al., 2005; Gall and Thompson,2015; Hoarau et al., 2014; Lusher et al., 2015a; Ogata et al., 2009;Santos et al., 2015; Setälä et al., 2014; von Moos et al., 2012)
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